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2025 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D

on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

There are many understandable reasons why you might find it difficult to ask for help when

you need it. Psychologists have been interested in this 1 for decades, not least because people's

widespread 2 to ask for help has led to some high-profile failures.

Asking for help takes 3. It involves communicating a need on your part—there’s something

you can’t do. 4, you’re broadcasting your own weakness, which can be 5.you might have

6

about losing control ofwhatever it is you are asking for help with.7 someone starts to help, perhaps

they will take over, or get a credit for your early efforts. Yet another 8 that you might be worried

about is being a nuisance or 9 the person you goto for help.

If you struggle with low self-esteem, you might find it especially difficult to_10_ for help

because you have the added worry of the other person _11_ your request. You might see such

refusals as implying something _12_about the status of your relationship with them. To 13 these

difficulties, try to remind yourself that everyone needs help sometimes. Nobody knows everything

and can do everything all by themselves. And while you might 14 coming across as incompetent,

there’s actually research that shows that advice-seekers are 15 as more competent, not less.

Perhaps most encouraging of all is a paper from 2022 by researchers at Stanford University, in

California, that involved a mix of contrived help-seeking interactions and asking people to 16 times

they’d sought help in the past. The findings showed that help-seekers generally underestimated how

17 other people will be to help and how good it will make the help-giver feel （ for most people,

having the chance to help someone is highly

18.So bear all this in mind the next time you need to

ask for help. 19 , take care over who you ask and when you ask them. And if someone can't help

right now, avoid taking it personally. They might just be too 20, or they might not feel confident

about their ability to help.

1. [Aillusion

[B]discussion

[C]tradition

[D]question

2. [A]reluctance

[B]ambition

[C]tendency

[D]enthusiasm

3. [A]attention

[B]talent

[C]courage

[D]patience

4. [A]At anytime

[B]In other words [C]By all means

[D]On the contrary

5. [A]unrealistic

[B]deceptive

[C]tiresome

[D]uncomfortable

6. [A]doubts

[B]concerns

[C]suggestions

[D]secrets

7. [A]once

[B]unless

[C]although

[D]before

8. [A]theory

[B]choice

[C]factor

[D]context

9. [A]overpraising [B]outperforming

[C]reassessing

[D]inconveniencing

10. [A]reach out

[B]settle down

[C]turn over

[D]Look back

11. [A]declining

[B]considering

[C]criticizing

[D]evaluating

12. [A]unnecessary [B]negative

[C]strange

[D]impractical

13. [A]explain

[B]identify

[C]predict

[D]overcome

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14. [A]deny

[B]forget

[C]miss

[D]fear

15. [A]disguised

[B]perceived

[C]followed

[D]introduced

16. [A]recall

[B]classify

[C]analyse

[D]compare

17. [A]brave

[B]disapproving

[C]willing

[D]hesitant

18. [A]relaxing

[B]surprising

[C]rewarding [D]demanding

19. [A]Thus

[B]Also

[C]Finally

[D]Instead

20. [A]polite

[B]proud

[C]busy

[D]lazy

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark

your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

U. S. customers historically tipped the people they assumed were earning most oftheir income

via tips, such as restaurant serves earning less than the minimum wage. In the early 2010s, a wide

range of business standard processing purchases with iPads and other digital payment systems.

These system often prompted customers to tip for services that were not previously tipped.

Today’stip requests are often connected to the salary and service norms that used to determine

when and how people tip. Customers in the past merely always pay the tips after receiving a service,

such as at the conclusion of a restaurant meal after getting a haircut or once a pizza was delivered.

That timing could reward high— quality service and give worthless an incentive to provide it.

It's becoming more common for tips to be requested beforehand. And new tipping technology

may even automatically add tips.

The prevalence of digital payment devices has made it easier to ask customers for a tip. That

helps explain why tip requests are creeping into new kinds of services. Customers now routinely

see menus of suggested default options -- often well above 20% of what they owe. The amounts

have risen from 10% or less in the 1950s to 15% around the year 2000 to 20% or higher today. This

increase is sometimes called tipflation -- the expectation of ever-higher tip amounts.

Tipping has always been a vital source of income for workers in historically tipped services,

like restaurants, where the tipped minimum wage can be aslow asUS $ 2.13 an hour. Tip creep and

tipflation are now further supplementing the income ofmany low-wage service workers.

Notably ， tipping primally benefits some of these workers such as cooks and dishwashers, so

ensure that all employees were paid fair wages. Some restaurants banned tipping and increased

prices, but this movement towards not-tipping services has largely fizzled out.

So to increase employee wages without raising prices, more employers are succumbing to

temptations of tip creep and tip flation. However, many customers are frustrated because they feel

they are being asked for too high of a tip too often. And, as our research emphasizes tipping now

seems to be more coercive, less generous, and often completely disassociated from service quality.

21. According to Paragraph 1, the practice oftipping in the U.S

.

[A] was regarded as a sign of generosity

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[B] was considered essential for waiters

[C] was away ofrewarding diligence

[D] was optional in most businesses

22. Compared with tips in the past, today’stips

.

[A] are paid much less frequently

[B] are less often requested in advance

[C] have less to do with service quality

[D] contribute less to workers’ income

23. Tip requests are creeping into new kinds of services as a result of

.

[A] the advancement of technology

[B] the desire for income increase

[C] the diversification ofbusiness

[D] the emergence of tipflation

24. The movement toward no-tipping services was intended to

.

[A] promote consumption

[B] enrich income sources

[C] maintain reasonable prices

[D] guarantee income fairness

25. It can be learned from the last paragraph that tipping

.

[A] is becoming a burden for customers

[B] helps encourage quality service

[C] is vital to business development

[D] reflects the need to reduce prices

答案 DCADA

Text 2

When it was established, the National Health Service(NHS) was visionary: offering high-

quality, timely care to meet the dominant needs ofthe population it served. Nearly 75 years on, with

the UK facing very different health challenges, it is clear that the model is out of date.

From life expectancy to cancer and infant mortality rates, we are lagging behind many of our

peers. With more than 6.8 million on waitlists, healthcare is becoming increasingly inaccessible for

those who cannot opt to pay for private treatment; and the cost of providing healthcare is

increasingly squeezing our investment in other public services. As demand for healthcare continues

to grow, pressures on the workforce — which is already near breaking point — will only become

more acute.

Many of the answers to the crisis in health and care are well rehearsed. We need to be much

better at reducing and diverting demand on health services, rather than simply managing it. Much

more needs to be invested in communities and primary care to reduce our reliance on hospitals. And

capacity in social care needs to be greater, to support the growing number of people living with

long-term conditions.

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Yet despite two decades of strategies and number of major health reforms, we have failed to

make meaningful progress on any of these aims. That is why the Reform think tank is launching a

new programme of work entitled “Reimagining health”, supported by ten former health ministers.

Together, we are calling for a much more open and honest conversation about the future of health

in the UK, and on “urgent rethink” of the hospital-centric model we retain.

This must begin with the question of how we maximise the health of the nation, rather than

“fix” the NHS. It is estimated, for example, that healthcare accounts for only about 20% of health

outcomes. Much more important are the places we live, work and socialise – yet there is no clear

cross-government strategy for improving these social determinants of health. Worse, when policies

like the national obesity strategy are scrapped, taxpayers are left with the heavy price tag oftreating

the illnesses, like diabetes, that result.

Reform wants to ask how power and resources should be distributed in our health system. What

health functions should remain at the centre, and what should be given to local leaders, often

responsible for services that create health, and with a much better understanding of the needs of

their populations?

26. According to the first two paragraphs, the NHS

A. is troubled by funding deficiencies

B. can hardly satisfy people's needs

C. can barely retain its current employees

D. is rivalled by private medical services

27. One answer to the crisis in health and care is

A. boost the efficiency ofhospitals

B. lighten the burden on social care

C. increase resources for primary care

D. reduce the pressure or communities

28. "Reimagining health" is aimed to

A. reinforce hospital management

B. readjust healthcare regulations

C. restructure the health system

D. resume suspended health reform

29. To maximize the nation's health, the author suggest

A. introducing relevant taxation policies

B. paying due attention to social factors

C. reevaluating major health outcomes

D. enhancing the quality of health care

30. It can be inferred that local leaders should

A. exercise their power more reasonably

B. develop a stronger responsibility

C. play a bigger role in the health system