人教版 8 年级下册 1 单元基础知识和语法知识梳理及练习
一、词形变化
1.stomach(n. ) 胃;腹部— (复数)— ( n. )胃痛;腹痛
2.foot(n. )脚;足— ( 复数)
3.lie(v.) 躺;平躺— ( 过去式 )— ( 现在分词)
4.hurt(v.)( 使 ) 疼痛;受伤— ( 过去式 ) 一 ( 过去分词 )
5.trouble(n.) 问题;苦恼— ( 同义词 )
6.hit ( v. )(用手或器具)击;打— (过去式 )— ( 过去分词 )
7.she ( pron. ) 她 ( 主 格 )—
(pron. ) 她 的 ( 宾 格 / 形 容 词 性 物 主 代 词 ) —
( pron. )她的 ( 名词性物主代词 )— (pron.) 她自己( she 的反身代词)
8.important(adj.) 重要的— ( n. )重要性
9.knife(n.) 小刀— ( n. 复数)
10.we(pron.) 我们— (pron. )我们的(宾格 / 形容词性物主代词)— ( pron. )我们的 ( 名词
性物主代词 )— (pron.) 我们自己( we 的反身代词)
11.mean(v.) 意思是,打算— (过去式) (过去分词)
12.decide(v.) 决定— ( n. )决定
13.climb ( v. )— ( n. )登山者
二 . 短语梳理
1. 胃痛
2. 躺下
3. 量体温
4. 发烧
5. 休息
6. 下车
7. 出乎......意料
8. 立即,马上
9. 陷入,参与
10. 习惯于做......
11. 冒险
12. 用尽,耗尽
13. 切除
14. 离开;从......出来
15. 掌管,管理
16.....的重要性
三、语法梳理
一、反身代词的含义:
表示某人自己的代词叫做反身代词。它表示一个动作
回到该动作的执行者本身,或者强调自己。它有人称和
数的变化。
二、反身代词的形式。
英语中共有八个反身代词,在使用时应注意和它所指
的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。其基本形
式如下表所示:
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
myself
yourself
himself herself itself
复数
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
三、反身代词的用法。
1. 可用作宾语,指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些
的人或事物。
Maria bought herself a scarf. 玛丽亚给自己买了一条围
巾。
We must look after ourselves very well. 我们必须好好
照顾自己。
2. 可用作表语,指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些
人或事物。
3. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语,常用来加强语气。
She herself will fly to London tomorrow. 明天她自己将
要坐飞机去伦敦。
I met the writer himself last week. 我上周见到了那位作
家本人。
4. 用在某些固定短语当中。
take care of oneself 照顾自己 teach
oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself 自学
enjoy oneself 玩得高兴,过得愉快 help
oneself to sth 请自用…(随便吃 / 喝些…) .
buy oneself sth. 给自己买…东西
注意: 反身代词不能单独做主语,但可以做主语的同
位语,起强调作用。
例:我自己能完成作业。
(误) Myself can finish my homework..
( 正 ) I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my
homework myself.
1.should 做助动词:
( 1 ) shall 的过去式,用于过去将来时
( 2 )表示“将要”,用于第一人称 I/we
2.sholud 做情态动词:
( 1 )表示“应该,应当”,没有人称和数的改变,后
加动词原型(相当于 ought to )
( 2 )表示 委婉地提 出意见和 建议 。 You should brush
your teeth before you go to bed.
( 3 )表示义 务 , 责任 。 We should study hard.
四 、 巩 固练习
(一)、单 项选择
1 . We should not keep worries to ________. It’s best to
talk to parents or friends.
A . Myself B . Yourself C . Ourselves D . herself
2 . — I’ll have a soccer game tomorrow. I’m a little
nervous.
—Believe in ________. You’re the best in your club.
A . Herself B . Himself C . Yourself D . ourselves
3 . I think we should protect ________ well in this
epidemic ( 疫 情 ) situation.
A . Ours B . Our C . Ourselves D . we
4 . — Where did you get this postcard?
—I made it by ________.
A . Herself B . itself
C . Myself D . himself
5 . Tom, we need a picture of ________ for our class
picture.
A . You B . Your C . Yourself D . yourselves
6 . — Jack, you swim very well. Who taught you?
—Nobody. I taught ________.
A . IB . Me C . Myself D . mine
7 . I didn’t buy anything for _______ when I was on
vacation.
A . Me B . My C . Myself D . mine
8 . Don’t play with the knives over there, kids, or you may
hurt ________.
A . Yourself B . Yourselves C . Themselves
D . ourselves
9 . — Sue, you’re good at swimming. Who taught you to
swim?
—No one. I learned it by ________.
A . Yourself B . Myself C . Herself D . himself
10 . Mom, I am now a middle school student, so I can look
after ________.
A . Me B . IC . my
D . myself
11 . Nobody teaches Mary English. She teaches ________.
A . Her B . herself C . She D . him
12 . — Who taught you English?
— I taught ________.
A . Me B . mine
C . My D . myself
13 . As the food festival is coming, the students are
preparing everything by ________.
A . Themselves B . ourselves
C . yourselves
14 . — This is your first time to be far away from home.
— Don’t worry, Mum. I can take care of ________.
A . Myself B . Me C . My D . mine
15 . How wonderful! Did the girl make the model car all by
________?
A . She B . her
C . Herself D . hers
16 . To my surprise, the brother wrote the song all by
________.
A . Myself B . Herself C . himself
17 . Tim and I won’t be able to do the whole job by
________, so we need your help.
A . Himself B . Myself C . Ourselves D . themselves
18 . — All of you speak such good English. Who taught
you?
—Nobody. We learned it by _________.
A . We B . Us C . Ours D . ourselves
19 . Look at this model ship. I made it all by ________!
A . Me B . my
C . Mine D . myself
20 . Boys and girls, help ________ to some fruit.
A . themselves
B . Yourselves C . herself
D . himself