Unit1单元基础知识和语法知识梳理及练习+2024-2025学年人教版八年级英语下册

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人教版 8 年级下册 1 单元基础知识和语法知识梳理及练习

一、词形变化

1.stomach(n. 胃;腹部— (复数)— n. )胃痛;腹痛

2.foot(n. )脚;足— ( 复数)

3.lie(v.) 躺;平躺— ( 过去式 )— ( 现在分词)

4.hurt(v.)( 使 ) 疼痛;受伤— ( 过去式 ) ( 过去分词 )

5.trouble(n.) 问题;苦恼— ( 同义词 )

6.hit v. )(用手或器具)击;打— (过去式 )— ( 过去分词 )

7.she pron. ) 她 ( 主 格 )—

(pron. ) 她 的 ( 宾 格 / 形 容 词 性 物 主 代 词 ) —

pron. )她的 ( 名词性物主代词 )— (pron.) 她自己( she 的反身代词)

8.important(adj.) 重要的— ( n. )重要性

9.knife(n.) 小刀— ( n. 复数)

10.we(pron.) 我们— (pron. )我们的(宾格 / 形容词性物主代词)— pron. )我们的 ( 名词

性物主代词 )— (pron.) 我们自己( we 的反身代词)

11.mean(v.) 意思是,打算— (过去式) (过去分词)

12.decide(v.) 决定— ( n. )决定

13.climb v. )— ( n. )登山者

. 短语梳理

1. 胃痛

2. 躺下

3. 量体温

4. 发烧

5. 休息

6. 下车

7. 出乎......意料

8. 立即,马上

9. 陷入,参与

10. 习惯于做......

11. 冒险

12. 用尽,耗尽

13. 切除

14. 离开;从......出来

15. 掌管,管理

16.....的重要性

三、语法梳理

一、反身代词的含义:

表示某人自己的代词叫做反身代词。它表示一个动作

回到该动作的执行者本身,或者强调自己。它有人称和

数的变化。

二、反身代词的形式。

英语中共有八个反身代词,在使用时应注意和它所指

的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。其基本形

式如下表所示:

第一人称

第二人称

第三人称

单数

myself

yourself

himself herself itself

复数

ourselves

yourselves

themselves

三、反身代词的用法。

1. 可用作宾语,指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些

的人或事物。

Maria bought herself a scarf. 玛丽亚给自己买了一条围

巾。

We must look after ourselves very well. 我们必须好好

照顾自己。

2. 可用作表语,指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些

人或事物。

3. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语,常用来加强语气。

She herself will fly to London tomorrow. 明天她自己将

要坐飞机去伦敦。

I met the writer himself last week. 我上周见到了那位作

家本人。

4. 用在某些固定短语当中。

take care of oneself 照顾自己 teach

oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself 自学

enjoy oneself 玩得高兴,过得愉快 help

oneself to sth 请自用…(随便吃 / 喝些…) .

buy oneself sth. 给自己买…东西

注意: 反身代词不能单独做主语,但可以做主语的同

位语,起强调作用。

例:我自己能完成作业。

(误) Myself can finish my homework..

( ) I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my

homework myself.

1.should 做助动词:

1 shall 的过去式,用于过去将来时

2 )表示“将要”,用于第一人称 I/we

2.sholud 做情态动词:

1 )表示“应该,应当”,没有人称和数的改变,后

加动词原型(相当于 ought to

2 )表示 委婉地提 出意见和 建议 You should brush

your teeth before you go to bed.

3 )表示义 责任 We should study hard.

固练习

(一)、单 项选择

1 We should not keep worries to ________. It’s best to

talk to parents or friends.

A Myself B Yourself C Ourselves D herself

2 I’ll have a soccer game tomorrow. I’m a little

nervous.

—Believe in ________. You’re the best in your club.

A Herself B Himself C Yourself D ourselves

3 I think we should protect ________ well in this

epidemic ( ) situation.

A Ours B Our C Ourselves D we

4 Where did you get this postcard?

—I made it by ________.

A Herself B itself

C Myself D himself

5 Tom, we need a picture of ________ for our class

picture.

A You B Your C Yourself D yourselves

6 Jack, you swim very well. Who taught you?

—Nobody. I taught ________.

A IB Me C Myself D mine

7 I didn’t buy anything for _______ when I was on

vacation.

A Me B My C Myself D mine

8 Don’t play with the knives over there, kids, or you may

hurt ________.

A Yourself B Yourselves C Themselves

D ourselves

9 Sue, you’re good at swimming. Who taught you to

swim?

—No one. I learned it by ________.

A Yourself B Myself C Herself D himself

10 Mom, I am now a middle school student, so I can look

after ________.

A Me B IC my

D myself

11 Nobody teaches Mary English. She teaches ________.

A Her B herself C She D him

12 Who taught you English?

— I taught ________.

A Me B mine

C My D myself

13 As the food festival is coming, the students are

preparing everything by ________.

A Themselves B ourselves

C yourselves

14 This is your first time to be far away from home.

— Don’t worry, Mum. I can take care of ________.

A Myself B Me C My D mine

15 How wonderful! Did the girl make the model car all by

________?

A She B her

C Herself D hers

16 To my surprise, the brother wrote the song all by

________.

A Myself B Herself C himself

17 Tim and I won’t be able to do the whole job by

________, so we need your help.

A Himself B Myself C Ourselves D themselves

18 All of you speak such good English. Who taught

you?

—Nobody. We learned it by _________.

A We B Us C Ours D ourselves

19 Look at this model ship. I made it all by ________!

A Me B my

C Mine D myself

20 Boys and girls, help ________ to some fruit.

A themselves

B Yourselves C herself

D himself

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