2024-2025学年人教版八年级英语下册【1–10单元】全册 知识清单

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2024-2025学年人教版八年级英语下册【1--10单元】全册 知识清单

人教版八年级英语下册【 1--10 单元】全册

知识清单

八下英语

2024-2025学年人教版八年级英语下册【1--10单元】全册 知识清单

2025

人教版 8 年级下册 1 单元基础知识和语法知识梳理及练习

一、词形变化

1. stomach(n. 胃;腹部 (复数) n. )胃痛;腹痛

2. foot(n. )脚;足 — ( 复数)

3. lie(v.) 躺;平躺 — ( 过去式 )— ( 现在分词)

4. hurt(v.)( 使 ) 疼痛;受伤

( 过去式 ) ( 过去分词 )

5.trouble(n.) 问题;苦恼 — ( 同义词 )

6. hit v. )(用手或器具)击;打 (过去式 )— ( 过去分词 )

7. she pron. )她(主格 )— (pron. )她的(宾格 / 形容词性物主代词)

pron.

她的 ( 名词性物主代词 )—

(pron.) 她自己( she 的反身代词)

8. important(adj.) 重要的

n. )重要性

9.knife(n.) 小刀 n. 复数)

10. we(pron.) 我们 — (pron. )我们的(宾格 / 形容词性物主代词) pron. )我们的 ( 名词

性物主代词 )—

(pron.) 我们自己( we 的反身代词)

11. mean(v.) 意思是,打算

(过去式) (过去分词)

12.decide(v.) 决定 n. )决定

13. climb v. n. )登山者

. 短语梳理

1. 胃痛

2. 躺下

3. 量体温

4. 发烧

5. 休息

6. 下车

7. 出乎 ........... 意料

8. 立即,马上

9. 陷入,参与

10. 习惯于做 ............

11. 冒险

12. 用尽,耗尽

13. 切除

14. 离开;从 ............ 出来

15. 掌管,管理

16. 的重要性

三、语法梳理

一、反身代词的含义:

表示某人自己的代词叫做反身代词。它表示一个

动作回到该动作的执行者本身,或者强调自己。它有

人称和数的变化。

二、反身代词的形式。

英语中共有八个反身代词,在使用时应注意和它

所指的相应的对象在 人称、性别、数 上保持一致。其

基本形式如下表所示:

第一人称

第二人称

第三人称

单数

myself

yourself

himself

herself

itself

复数

ourselves

yourselves

themselves

三、反身代词的用法。

1. 可用 作宾语 ,指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同

一些的人或事物。

Maria bought herself a scarf.

玛丽亚给自己买了

一条围巾。

We must look after ourselves very well.

我们必

须好好照顾自己。

2. 可用 作表语 ,指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同

一些人或事物。

3. 可用 作主语或宾语的同位语 ,常用来加强语气。

She herself will fly to London tomorrow.

明天她

自己将要坐飞机去伦敦。

I met the writer himself last week.

我上周见到了

那位作家本人。

4. 用在某些 固定短语 当中。

take care of oneself

照顾自己

teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself 自学

enjoy oneself 玩得高兴,过得愉快

help oneself to sth 请自用 (随便吃 / 喝些 .

buy oneself sth. 给自己买 东西

注意: 反身代词不能单独做主语,但可以做主语

的同位语,起强调作用。

例:我自己能完成作业。

(误) Myself can finish my homework..

( )

I myself can finish my homework. / I

can finish my homework myself.

1. should 做助动词:

(1) shall 的过去式,用于过去将来时

(2) 表示 将要 ,用于第一人称 I/we

2.sholud 做情态动词:

(1) 表示 应该,应当 ,没有人称和数的改变,后

加动词原型(相当于 ought to

(2)

表示委婉地提出意见和建议。 You should

brush your teeth before you go to bed.

(3) 表示义务,责任。 We should study hard.

may hurt .

A Yourself B Yourselves C Themselves

D ourselves

9 —Sue, you’re good at swimming. Who taught you to

swim?

—No one. I learned it by .

A Yourself B Myself C Herself D himself

10 Mom, I am now a middle school student, so I can

look after .

A Me B IC my

D myself

11 Nobody teaches Mary English. She

teaches

.

A Her B herself C She D him 12

— Who taught you English?

— I taught .

A Me B mine

C My

D myself

13 As the food festival is coming, the students are

preparing everything by

.

四、巩固练习

A Themselves B ourselves

C

(一)、单项选择

1 We should not keep worries to . It’s best

to talk to parents or friends.

A Myself B Yourself C Ourselves D herself

2 —I’ll have a soccer game tomorrow. I’m a little

nervous.

—Believe in . You’re the best in your club.

A Herself B Himself C Yourself D ourselves

3 I think we should protect well in this

epidemic ( ) situation.

A Ours B Our C Ourselves D we 4

Where did you get this postcard?

—I made it by .

A Herself B itself

C Myself D himself

5 Tom, we need a picture of for our class

picture.

A You B Your C Yourself D yourselves 6

—Jack, you swim very well. Who taught you?

—Nobody. I taught .

A IB Me C Myself D mine

7 I didn’t buy anything for when I was on

vacation.

A Me B My C Myself D mine

8 Don’t play with the knives over there, kids, or you

14.

—This is your first time to be far away from home.

— Don’t worry, Mum. I can take care of .

A.

Myself

B Me C My

D mine

15.

How wonderful! Did the girl make the model car

all by ?

A.

She B her

C Herself D hers

16.

To my surprise, the brother wrote the song all by

.

A.

Myself B Herself C himself

17.

Tim and I won’t be able to do the whole job by

, so we need your help.

A Himself B Myself C Ourselves D themselves

18 —All of you speak such good English. Who taught

you?

—Nobody. We learned it by .

A We B Us C Ours D ourselves

19 Look at this model ship. I made it all by !

A Me B my

C Mine D myself

20 Boys and girls, help to some fruit.

A themselves

B Yourselves C herself

(二) 用动词的 当形式 填空

1. - Look! who is (lie) under the tree? -Oh, that’s Tom.

2. -What do giraffes look like? - They have a long neck and four (foot)

3. -I was so careless that I cut

4. It's going to rain. Take an

umbrella

(I) just now.- You have too be careful next

time. you.

5. The little boy fell off the bike and (hurt) his arm.

6. - My stomach aches all day.

- You'd better see a dentist and get X-ray.

7. Eating too much sugar is bad for our (tooth).

8. I didn't say anything about this because I didn't want to get trouble.

9. I saw her

10. The cat jumped

(water) flowers in the garden when I passed by.

the table from the floor just now.

11. Tom has a bad cold and (cough).

12. It was easy enough for me (solve) this math problem.

13. - I'm hungry now because I came to school breakfast.

14. To (we)surprise, Jim scored a goal in the last two minutes.

15. Could you help me put some (medicine) on the cut?

16. What happened? She asked surprise.

17. Mike only thinks himself so we don't like him.

18. All the (passenger)on the bus liked the driver because he was friendly.

19. Tom told us the right answer without (think).

20. She (hit) him on the head with her umbrella this morning.

21. My parents agreed (take) me to the park.

22. I'm afraid I can't agree you.

23. Thanks the kind-hearted lady, the homeless boy has a new family.

24. Thank you going with me to see the movie.

25. I have to be soon ,because the film will be on in ten minutes.

26. Paul got (lose) when he came to the new town.

27. Does he need (arrive) there at seven?

28. -What happened? - Someone got hit the head.

29. At last they understood the (important) of life but they aren't afraid of (die)

30. He lost a lot of (blood) in the accident.

31. The movie Ne Zha is an educational movie that I want to see it again.

32. Gina used to live in the countryside with her parents, but now she is used to (live) with

her classmates at school.

33. They haven't made a (decide) where to spend their free time.

34. All the doctors didn't give up (save) the young man.

35. At present , there are many online courses and we can choose to study by (we).

36. These men climb mountains. They are mountain (climb).

37. On New Year's Eve, Present Xi said, "Working hard means (have) happiness."

38. We have three (knife), we can use them to cut things.

39. He is interested swimming and swims every day.

40. They decide (go) shopping after school.

(三)语法填空

Bus Driver and Passengers Save an Old Man

At 9:00 a.m. yesterday, bus No.26 was going along Zhonghua Road when the driver saw

an old man (lie) on the side of the road. A woman next to him was shouting for help.

The bus driver, 24-year-old Wang Ping, stopped the bus (with) thinking (two).

He (get) off and asked the woman what happened. She said that the man (have) a

heart problem and should go to the hospital. Mr. Wang knew he had to act (quick). He

(tell) the passengers that he must take the man to the hospital. He expected most or all

of the passengers to get off and wait for the next bus. But to (he) surprise, they all

agreed (go) with him. Some passengers helped Mr. Wang to help the man onto the bus.

(thank) to Mr. Wang and the passengers, the doctors saved the man in time. “It’s

said that many people (do) want to help others because they don’t want (some)

trouble,” says one passenger. “But the driver didn’t think about (he). He only

(think) about (save) a life.

根据 2b 阅读内 填空

He Lost His Arm

But Is Still Climbing

Aron Ralston is an American man is interested in mountain (climb).

As a mountain climber, Aron is used to

( 冒险 ). This is one of the exciting

things about doing dangerous sports. There were many times when Aron almost lost his life

because of accidents. April 26, 2003, he found (he) in a very dangerous

situation when climbing in Utah.

On that day, Aron’s arm (catch) under a 360-Kilo rock that fell on him when

he was climbing by himself in the mountains. Because he could not f his arm, he

stayed there five days and hoped that someone would find him. But when his

water ( 用 完 ), he knew that he would have to do something to save

his ( 自己的 ) life. He wasn’t ready to die that day. So he used his knife to

( 砍断 ) half his right arm. Then, with his left arm, he bandaged himself ( 以便于 )

he wouldn’t lose too much blood. After that, he climbed down the mountain

(find)

help,

After (lose) his arm, he wrote a book (call )Between a Rock and

Hard Place. This means (be) in a difficult situation that you can’t seem to

( …… 出来 ). In this book, Aron ( 讲述 ) the ( 重要性 ) of

making good decisions, and of ( 掌管,管理 ) one’s life. His love for

mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience.

Do we have the same spirit as Aron? Let’s think about it before we find ourselves

“between a rock and a hard place”, and before we have to make a decision that could

( 味着 ) life or death.

1 7

一.词形变换:

Unit2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.

home(n.)-- (adj. 家 的 ) break(v. )-- (adj. ) able(adj.)-- (adj. )

difficult(adj.)-- (n.) train(v. 训练 )-- (n. 训练 )-- (adj. 训练 好的 )kind(adj. 善良 )--_ (n.

善 良 ) understand--

(pt.) feel(v.)-- (n. ) own(v. adj. 自 己 的 )-- (n. 物 主

) interesting(adj.)-- (n. v. 使 )

二.重要短语:

扫干净

使 振奋 give out

=

come up with

= two weeks

from now 推迟 (做某事)

call up

过去 曾经 … care for

捐 赠 take after 建 立 筹 钱 disabled

people

make a difference to sth.

be excited about

give sb. orders at

once =

= at the same time

try out(for…)

三.重要知识点精讲:

1. 核心语法:动词短语的用法

(1) 动词短语的概念

有时 个词或三个词在一起 成一个 结构 ,表 种特 定的 义,作用 近似 于一个单一动词,称 动词 语。

(2) 分类

① 动副短语:

宾语如

,可 于动词与 之间

宾语是

则只 于动词与 之间

例如:

We will hand out the

ads.

= We will hand the

ads

out . 我们将要分发 广告

If you like it, please try it on . 果你喜欢 它, 就试

。不能 成: If you like it, please try on it .

常见短语:

clean up 打扫干净 cheer up 使振奋 call/ring up 打电话 set up 建立 fix up 修理 pick up 捡起 put up 挂起,举起 turn

up 把声音调大 give away 捐赠 give up 放弃 wake up 叫醒 think up 想出 hand/give out 分发 hand in 上交 work out

算出 take out 取出 put off 推迟 put on 穿上 turn off 关掉 turn down 把声音调小 turn on 打开 put down 放下 write

down 写下 cut down 砍倒 take off 脱下,起飞 get back 取回

② 动介短语

宾语不管是名词 是代词时, 都置

例如:

Look at the

blackboard

, please

Look at them, please.

常见短语:

come up with 想出 ( 主意 ) look after 照顾 look for 寻找 care for 喜欢;照顾 take after … get on 上车 agree with

同意 ask for 请求 knock at 敲(门、窗等) laugh at 嘲笑 wait for 等候 pay for 付钱;支付 run out of 用完

【小 试牛 刀】

(1). Tom is upset today, let’s ?

A. cheer up him

B. cheer him up C. give him up D. give up

him (2). Li Lei’s sister was ill, and he had to at home.

A. look her after

B. look after her

C. look for her

D. look her for

(3). Your room is so dirty. Will you please

?

A. clean up it

B. clean it up

C. clean out it

D. clean it out

(4). Tom is right, I

.

A. agree with him

B. agree him with

C. agree to him

D. agree him to

2. They told me stories about the past and how things used to be.

2 7

【解析】 used to

do

sth. 过去常常做某事(现在不做了)

Eg: Tom short. Tom 过去 很矮

Tom late. Tom 过去起 床很晚

对比: be used to …… 习惯做某事

3. He volunteers at an animal hospital every Saturday morning. 他每周六早上在动物医院做志愿者。

【解析】

volunteer

v. 志愿

,

n.

志愿

volunteer sth. 志愿做某事

They are the ( 志愿 )from the university.

They often ( 去教 ) the children

7.Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs.

【解析】

be

worried

about…=worry

about

Eg: Don’t worry about Tom.( 同义 )

Don’t Tom.

4. I take

after

my mother. 我长的像我妈妈。

【解析】 (1)take after =be similar to 在(外貌、性格等方面)与(父母)相像(有 关系)

(2)look like 只指在外貌上与 ….. 相像

(

) 青岛 Tom his father, because they both are cheerful and easygoing.

A. looks like

B. takes after

C. doesn’t take after

D. isn’t like

5.

alone

adj./adv. 独自 ( 相当于 oneself)

lonely

adj. 孤独的;荒凉的(有感情色彩)

Eg (1)The old man lives on a island( ) , but he doesn’t feel

.

(2)Tom finished the work by himself.( 同义 )

Tom finished the work .

6….make it possible for me to have Lucky.

【解析】

make/think/find

+

it +adj.(for

sb.)+to

do

sth.

使 / 认为 / 发现做某事对某人来说

此句型中, it 宾语, to do 不定式作 宾语

Eg I think not difficult for me English.

A. that, to learn

B. it, to learn

C. it’s , to learn

D. that, learning

7. Lucky makes

a big

difference

to my life.

幸运 对我的生活产生了很大的影响。

【解析】 makes a big difference to… 有影响,起作用

广 西 南宁 The heavy snow didn’t the international airlines.

A. pay attention to

B. add to

C. make a difference to

D. keep to

8. My dog’s name is Lucky— a good name for him because I feel

very

lucky

to

have him.

【解析】 be/ feel lucky sth. 做某事感到很幸运。

luck

n .“ 幸运 ” →

adj .“ 幸运的

adv. 幸运地

adj. 不幸的 ” → adv .“ 不幸地;不幸的是

(注: luckily unluckily 常用于句

浙江 The little girl was very ( 幸运 的) to get a free ticket to Disneyland.

(luck),

he got the first prize this time.

9. be strong in

… =be good at…=do well in… 擅长

Eg: He is good at English.

=He is English.

=He does English.

四.课文填空:

I'll Send You a Photo of Lucky

Dear Miss Li,

I'd like to thank you for (give) money to Animal Helpers. I'm sure you know that this group was set up

(help) disabled people like me.You helped to make it possible for me (have) Lucky. Lucky makes a big

difference my life. Let me tell you my story.

What would it be like to be blind or deaf? Or imagine you can't walk or use your hands (easy). Most people would

never think this, but many people have these difficulties. I can't use my arms or legs

(good), so normal things

3 7

like

(answer) the telephone, opening and closing doors, or carrying things are difficult for me. Then one day last

year, a friend of

(I) helped me out. She talked to Animal Helpers about getting me a special (train) dog.

She also thought a dog might cheer me . I love animals and I was excited the idea of having a dog.

six

months of training with a dog at Animal Helpers, I was able (bring) him home. My dog's name is Lucky-- a good

name for him

I feel very lucky

(have) him. You see, I'm only able to have a “dog-helper" because

your (kind)!Lucky is very clever and understands many English words. He can understand me

I give him

orders. For example, I say, “Lucky! Get my book," and he does it at once.

Lucky is a fantastic dog. I'll send you a photo of him you like, and I could show you he helps me. Thank you

again for changing my life.

汇默写

扫干净 v. 欢呼 ; ( 使 ) 变得 高兴 分发 ; v. 义务做 ;

n. 志愿 ; 提出 推迟 n. 标志 ; 信号 n. ; 通告 v. 注意到

分发 电话 给(某人) ; 征召 曾经 …; 过去 … adj. 独的 ; 寂寞

照 顾 ; 喜 欢 v. 募 集 ; 征 集 adv. 独 自 ; 单 独 v. ; 修 补

v. ; 安装 ; 装饰 赠送 ; 捐赠

外貌 或行

adj. 破 损 ; 残 缺 n. ; 轮 子 n. ; n. 女 士 ;

建起 ;

adj. 丧失 ; 残疾

影响 ; 有作用

adj. ; 明的

adj. v. ; 设想

n.

;

v. ; 打开

n.

v. ; ;

v. 训练 ; 培训

adj. 动的 ;

n. 训练 ; 培训 n. 仁慈 ; 善良 adj. 明的 ; 聪颖 v. ; 领会

v. &n. 变化 ; 改变 pron. ; 数个 ; 一些 adj. ;

n. 感觉 ; 感触 n. ; n. 高兴 ; 愉快

n. 物主 ;

参加 选拔 ;

n. 长途 ; n. ; v. 使

n. 先生 n. ; 女士 n. 工程 项目 n.

巩固练 习:

第二部分 完形 填空 ( 10 小题 ; 小题 1 , 10 )

阅读 面短文 , , 后从 题所给的 A B C 三个 选项 , 出能 短文 相应 空白处 最佳选项

A few months ago,I learned that the city food bank needed some volunteers.I used to be the organizer in my group of

friends. 26

,I sent letters to 10 friends.I’d like to 27

a group that would volunteer to make and serve dinner for the

disabled people.I wanted to 28

my friends to be part of the group.Almost all of my friends 29

.

One day,several of my friends brought some food and helped prepare the 30

.“I got such a strong feeling of satisfaction

when I saw the 31

people get the food!” said one friend.Later,another friend made a list ( 清单 ) about serving, 32

we

could do quickly and easily.Now each month there are new faces that join the group.One woman 33

invited another group

of her friends to serve.

It’s hard to imagine that simple 34

asking friends to help have made a great difference.At first,I just wanted to be an

organizer.Now,I 35

my idea.I also love to work as a volunteer,because I can get more joy from the happy faces of the

disabled people.

()26.A.But

B.So

C.However

()27.A.set up

B.cheer up

C.give up

()28.A.take

B.move

C.invite

()29.A.refused

B.agreed

C.stayed

()30.A.trainingB.trip

C.meal

()31.A.disabled

B.strong

C.clever

()32.A.but

B.so

C.because

()33.A.still

B.hardly

C.even

()34.A.words

B.visits

C.letters

()35.A.keep

B.get

C.change

第三部分 阅读 ( 两节 ; 40 )

第一 阅读 列短文 , 题所给的 A B C D 选项 , 最佳选项 ( 15 小题 ; 小题 2 , 30 )

A

A student’s kindness paid off.He received( ) 5,000 yuan after ordering some take-out food for a homeless man.

Wang Ya is a university student in Kunming.One night,in the heavy rain,Wang saw a homeless man sleeping under a

4 7

bridge,wearing his summer clothes.Wang felt sorry for him,so he went online and ordered him some food.Wang also left a

message for the restaurant.It said,“Please make sure that the homeless man gets the food as soon as possible.It’s cold outside

and I don’t know if he’s had anything to eat.I’ve seen him there since about 11:30 at noon.” The restaurant owner was so

moved that he added some food to the order.The homeless man got the food less than half an hour later.

Wang’s story got so popular online that a charitable foundation( 慈善 金会 ) gave him 5,000 yuan for his kindness.He

refused to spend the money on himself and he gave it to charities.

()36.Why did Wang order food for the homeless man?

A.Because the man asked him to do so.

B.Because he wanted to be popular.

C.Because he felt sorry for the man.

D.Because he wanted to make

money. ()37.Where did the homeless man sleep?

A.Under the bridge.

B.In his home.

C.In the hotel.

D.In the school.

()38.What was not the result of Wang’s kindness?

A.Wang took the money to buy clothes for homeless people.

B.The restaurant owner added some food to the order.

C.A charitable foundation gave Wang 5,000 yuan.

D.The homeless man got the takeout food in the end.

()39.In which part of a newspaper can we read the passage?

A.Science.

B.Music.

C.History.

D.Life.

10,000 Storybooks Needed

B

Give Your Love

If you have old storybooks at home and you have no places for them,you can give them away to Momo Bookstore.The

bookstore is collecting( 收集 ) 10,000 storybooks from April 25 to May 28.The storybooks are going to be sent to schools in

remote( 偏远 ) places.You will get a doll( 布娃娃 ) gift if you give 5 storybooks or more.

Your Money,Their Hospital

Tzu Chi is planning to build a new hospital in Sichuan that will give free medical treatment( 医疗 ) to the poor people

there.By December 31,you can help by sending money through the post office.Tel:09887465,To:Tzu Chi.

We Need Your Time

The Red Cross needs more volunteer workers to take care of the old,especially( ) on weekends.We have 500 old

people,but only 30 workers.More are needed.Please call us:(03)422-7896.

()40. will receive the storybooks that people give away.

A.The old people in the Red Cross

B.The schools in remote

places C.The schools in Sichuan

D.The hospitals in remote

places ()41.Which of the following is the most possible to help Tzu

Chi?

A.Helen is planning to do something with her money. B.Ben has no money but he is free every

weekend. C.Judy is a book lover and has many storybooks.

D.Mr.Wang is a doctor and he wants a

new job. ()42.Where can you find the above information?

A.In a travel magazine.B.On a hospital notice.C.In a storybook.D.In a newspaper.

C

Indonesia is my mother’s homeland and one of my favorite countries.Since I was young,I had learned a lot about the

country and become interested in it.For a long time I had wanted to do something for the country and people there,and I thought

volunteering would be a good and fun way to do so.

I received the greatest pleasure from being with the children.Teaching my first English class in Aceh was exciting,but I

was quite nervous.As time passed by,I learned how to be a better teacher.Teaching was actually the most enjoyable of my many

responsibilities( 责任 ).

Many children were shy at first.But when they relaxed,they would start talking and telling you a lot of funny things.I

believed we were helping them build up their confidence.

For the children who are more in need,The Education Program(TEP) will collect donations( 募捐 ) to help them.

5 7

As a volunteer,I had to visit the TEP children at home once a month and help them write a thank-you letter to their

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