01
定语从句
引导定语从句的关系代词有 that,which,who (宾格 whom ),所有格 whose )
和关系副词 where when why 等,关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中充当一
个成分,关系代词 that , which,who,whom 等在从句中分别作主语或宾语,
whose 在从句中作 定语 ,而关系副词 when,where,why 等在从句中作 状语 。
① I will never forget the days when/in which we worked together.
② I will never forget the days which/that we spent together.
解析
在句 ① 中,表示时间的名词 the days 在从句中充当的是状语,所以用关系
副词 when 来代指,引导定语从句修饰先行词 the days ;
而在句 ② 中,表示时间的名词 the days 在从句中充当的是动词 spent 的宾
语,所以用关系代词 that 或 which 来代指。
同样,表示 地点或原因的名词 如果在从句中 作状语 ,则用关系副词
where 或 why 来代指;如果在从句中作动词的 宾语 ,则用 which 或 that
来代替。
① This is the factory where/in which I worked. (作状语)
② This is the factory that/which I visited years ago. (作宾语)
注: 当先行词为 time,reason, place 时,引导词可以省略。
① This was the first (when/what) I had serious trouble with my
boss.
② That is the reason (why) I did it.
③ This is the place (where) we met yesterday. 另外, 定语从句中
谓语动词数应与先行词数一致。
① Mr. Jackson is the only foreigner that is present at the party.
② He is one of the students who were praised by the teacher.
解析
在句 ① 中,先行词 foreigner 被 only 修饰,强调只有一个,所以从句中谓语
动词用单数形式。
而在句 ② 中, who 引导的定语从句修饰先行词 the students ,为复数,所以
从句谓语动词应为复数。
02
名词性从句中的易错点
*that 引导的定语从句与同位语从句 定语从句与前面的的名词是修饰与被修
饰的关系,“……的名词”,而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。
与 that 从句同位的名词必须是一些 表示事实或概念的抽象名词 ,如:
fact,news,belief,truth,reply 等。 That 在定语从句中 必须作成分, 可用
which 或 who/whom 代替,而 that 在同位语 从句中不充当任何句子成分,
只起连接作用。
① Along with the letter was his promise that he would visit me
this coming Christmas.
② Do you still remember the chicken farm that we visited three
months ago.
解析
在句 ① 中, that 引导同位语从句解释说明 promise 的内容, that 不充当任
何句子成分,只起连接作用。
而在句 ② 中, that 在其引导的定语从句中作动词 visited 的宾语,对先行词
the chicken farm 起修饰作用。
* 名词性从句中,关于 it 作形式主语和形式宾语的易错点 1) 名词性从句作主
语或宾语时,为保持句子平衡,常用 it 作形式主语或形式宾语。
It’s a pity that he don’t come to give a speech. (形式主语)
We think it possible that you can finish the job today. (形式宾
语)
2 )谓语动词 appreciate, dislike, hate, like, love, make 等接由 if
或 when 引导的宾语从句时往往在从句前加上形式宾语 it.
I would appreciate it if you could come to my birthday party.
3 )动词 hare, take, hide, punish, put 等 , 后接由 that 引导的病因从
句式,往往在从句前加形式宾语 it.
① I take it that you will be leaving Shanghai soon.
② we punished it that we had finished the project ahead of
time.
4 )短语动词 answer for, count on depend on, insist on, see to
等后接有 that 引导的宾语从句时,必须冠以形式宾语 it.